2beb6388-450a-4ae4-ba73-8905b9b8949aAromatic Polyester Polyol (APP) (European average, including flame retardant)technologies of four producersproduction mix, at plantISOEXTER 3061 3557 4404;
TERATE polyols;
Stepanpol;
Hoopol, F-1394/1396/3362/4361/4390;ProcessesIndustry dataPU EuropeThe data set covers all relevant process steps / technologies over the supply chain with a good overall data quality. Primary production data for the APP production comes from four different suppliers in the Europe. Fuel and energy inputs in the system reflect the European conditions, site specific to the extent possible. The considered participants cover 75-85 % of a total market of more than 100,000 t, so the technological coverage is understood as representative (PU Europe).67The data set represents the specific situation for Europe, focusing on the main technologies used for producing APP in Europe.
Primary production data for the APP production comes from four different suppliers in Europe. Fuel and energy inputs in the system reflect the European conditions, site specific to the extent possible. Therefore the study results are applicable in Eurpean boundaries as according to the considered participants, 75-85 % of the total European market of more than 100,000 t is covered, so the technological coverage is understood as representative.The data set is based on primary data of different production technologies. Due to confidentiality the technologies cannot be described in this documentation.
As raw materials used for the production of APP the following substances are used:
Dimethyl terephtalate (DMT)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Phthalic Anhydride (PA)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Diethylene glycol (DEG)
Catalyst
Additives
Flame retardants
Functionality enhancers
The background system is addressed as follows: Electricity, Thermal energy: The electricity (and thermal energy as by-product) used is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly the individual power plants in service are modelled according to the current national grid. This includes net losses and imported electricity. Second, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled. Third, the country-specific fuel supply (share of resources used, by import and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific properties (e.g. element and energy contents) are accounted for. Fourth, the import, transport, mining and exploration processes for the energy carrier supply chain are modelled according to the specific situation of each power-producing country. The different mining and exploration techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different exploration countries are accounted for according to current engineering knowledge and information. Steam: The steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to the technology efficiencies and energy carriers used. Efficiencies range from 84% to 94% in relation to the representative energy carrier (gas, oil, coal). Coal, crude oil and natural gas used for the generation of steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Transports: All relevant and known transport processes used are included. Overseas transport including rail and truck transport to and from major ports for imported bulk resources are included. Furthermore all relevant and known pipeline and / or tanker transport of gases and oil imports are included. Energy carriers: Coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Refinery products: Diesel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, basic oils and residues such as bitumen are modelled via a country-specific, refinery parameterized model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refinery techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption,...) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. Hence the refinery products used show the individual country-specific use of resources. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific crude oil situation with the respective properties of the resources.Polyester Polyols are important intermediate products for many production chains. APPs are used to manufacture polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane rigid insulation foam, which finds extensive use in the automotive, construction, refrigeration and other industrial sectors. Other uses include flexible polyurethane foams, semi-rigid foams, and polyure-thane coatings. A major part of the world's polyols production is shared by two groups of polyols, namely polyether and polyester polyols.
Data set to be used by pocessing industry.flow chart1a.bmpThe calculation follows the vertical calculation methodology, i.e. that the averaging is done after modelling the specific processes. Restrictions on competition and confidentiality do not allow displaying and describing the systems and analysing details.LCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - massAllocation was applied for the production process of some participants, as minor by-products result from their specific APP-processing. The by-products have lower market values than the main product APP. The process intention is the production of APP only. Therefore an economic allocation was applied according to current market values, stated by the relevant companies.
In the refinery operations, co-production was addressed by applying allocation based on mass and net calorific value. The chosen allocation in refinery is based on several sensitivity analyses, which was accompanied by petrochemical experts. The relevance and influence of possible other allocation keys in this context is small.
In steam cracking allocation according to net calorific value is applied. Relevance of other allocation rules (mass) is below 2 %.All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneThe cut-off criteria for the study include or exclude materials, energy and emissions data as follows:
Mass: If a flow is less than 2 % of the cumulative mass of the model it may be excluded, provided that its environmental relevance is not a concern.
Energy: If a flow is less than 2 % of the cumulative energy of the model it may be excluded, provided that its environmental relevance is not a concern.
Environmental relevance: If a flow meets the above criteria for exclusion, yet is thought to potentially have a significant environmental impact, it will be included. Material flows which leave the system (emissions) and whose environmental impact is greater than 2 % of the whole impact of an impact category that has been considered in the assessment is covered.
The sum of the neglected material flows does not exceed 5 % of mass, energy or environmental relevance.
The average of the reported output mass flows of the four participants shows 97 % of the input mass flows. 100 % of the material end energy flows, provided by the participants as primary data, are integrated in the calculations.NoneEuropean producers act as a main source of data for the production of Aromatic Polyester Polyols on the basis of a direct questionnaire. Primary data on gate-to-gate APP production is derived from site specific information for processes under operational control supplied by the participating companies of this study. Four different APP producers were participating in the primary data collection. After modelling the site-specific systems, the vertical average was calculated, weighted by the production tonnage of each company.
The data for the upstream supply chain until the precursors are taken from "GaBi databeases 2006". All relevant background data such as energy and auxiliary material are also taken from "GaBi databases 2006". Most of the background data used is publicly available and public documentation exists.NoneThe data set represents the specific situation for Europe, focusing on the main technologies used for producing APP in Europe.
Primary production data for the APP production comes from four different suppliers in Europe.NoneGaBi databases 2006INVISTA TMSYNTHESIA INTERNACIONAL S.L.U.Stepan CompanyCOIM GROUP80.0According to the considered participants, 75-85 % of the total European market of more than 100,000 t is covered.2008Polyester Polyols are important intermediate products for many production chains. APPs are used to manufacture polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane rigid insulation foam, which finds extensive use in the automotive, construction, refrigeration and other industrial sectors. Other uses include flexible polyurethane foams, semi-rigid foams, and polyure-thane coatings. A major part of the world#s polyols production is shared by two groups of polyols, namely polyether and polyester polyols. The data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. The data set can be used for specific LCI/LCA studies in the listed application areas.All relevant flows quantifiedThe internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.PE INTERNATIONALPlasticsEurope Eco-profiles and Environmental Declarations, March 2009Not compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot compliantNot compliantNot definedPU EuropeThis background LCI data set can be used for any types of LCA studies.PE INTERNATIONAL2014-12-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1PE INTERNATIONAL2014-12-01T00:00:00+01:0009.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedPU EuropetrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of PE INTERNATIONAL AG. PE INTERNATIONAL AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Aromatic Polyester PolyolsOutput110.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation