9121e9bd-9bc0-48f5-89b4-5a14caf48752Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - CAMXAC, technology mixconsumption mix, to consumer1kV - 60kVPower grid mixProcessesEnergy conversionElectricity supplyElectricity grid mix 1kV-60kVThe data set represents the supply of one (1) kWh electricity for final consumers in the specific region of the USA, including native power production, own consumption, transmission/distribution losses, and electricity imports. The development of the regions is based on the subregions from US EPAs, eGRID database v1.0 (Emission & Generation Resource Integrated Database). Since the data set represents a consumption mix, the imports from neighboring regions and countries (CA, MX) have been included.
As eGRID provides emissions, fuel input, and energy output on a plant level, but does not provide any data about electricity exchange between regions, additional data from the Annual Electric Balancing Authority Area and Planning Area Report (FERC-714), published annually by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, was used to establish the interchange of electricity between so-called Power Control Areas (PCA). In 15 cases, these PCAs are subsets of eGRID subregions and the amount of imports into a specific region can be easily determined (AKGD, AKMS, AZNM, CAMX, ERCT, FRCC, HIMS, HIOA NEWE, NWPP, RMPA, SPNO, SPSO, SRMV and SRSO). In some cases, PCAs overlap completely or partly with more than one eGRID subregion and the imports for the affected eGRID subregions cannot be easily determined. To overcome this shortcoming, seven regions have been modeled which differ from the eGRID subregions:
- NYISO contains the full eGRID subregions NYCW, NYLI, NYUP
- PJM contains the full eGRID subregions RFCE, RFCW, SRVC
- MISO contains the full eGRID subregions MROE, RFCM, and SRMW as well as parts of RFCW, MROW, and SRTV
- SRTV (without MISO) contains the eGRID subregion SRTV without the part covered by MISO
- MROW (without MISO) contains the eGRID subregion MROW without the part covered by MISO
- RFCW (without MISO and PJM) contains the eGRID subregion RFCW without the part covered by MISO and PJM
- SRVC (without PJM) contains the eGRID subregion SRVC without the part covered by PJM
For a better overview of the 22 available regions, please refer to the map below. It should be noted that the absolute amount of imports has been considered in the consumption mix instead of the net interchange (import-export).
The fuel mixes used for electricity production, power plant efficiency data, ratios of direct to combined heat and power generation (CHP), as well as emission factors (CO2, NOx, SO2, CH4 and N2O) for the 22 regions are derived from eGRID 2012 Version 1.0, for the corresponding reference year. Additional literature is used for further emissions, transmission/distribution losses and combustion calculation. Detailed power plant models were used, which combine emission values from literature with calculated emission values (e.g., heavy metals).97The data set represents the average electricity supply within the region including main activity producers and autoproducers as well as electricity imports from neighboring regions and countries. For further information about the breakdown into the 22 regions and the area which the region covers, please refer to the general comment and see map below. Main technologies for firing, flue gas cleaning and electricity generation are considered according to the region specific situation.Foreground system:
The region specific electricity consumption mix is provided through the conversion of the different fuels to electricity and imports from neighboring countries and regions, as illustrated by the pie charts "Electricity Mix" and Electricity Consumption Mix.
The electricity is either produced in power plants and/or combined heat and power plants (CHP). Also considered are the national and regional, specific technology standards of the power plants in regard to efficiency, firing technology, flue-gas desulphurization, NOx removal and de-dusting. The electricity provided by non-combustible renewable energy sources considers the national situation, such as solar radiation (photovoltaic), annual full load hours (wind power), and share of hydro power stations by type (run-of-river, storage and pumped storage).
The fossil power plant models combine emission data from literature with calculated values for non-measured emissions e.g., organics or heavy metals. For the emissions CO2, SO2, NOx, CH4 and N2O, data from US-EPA eGRID2012 v1.0 are used and fuel-specific power plant and region-specific emission factors have been derived. All other emission factors from the power plants / combined heat and power plants (CHP) are based on literature data and / or calculated via fuel properties in combination with combustion models.
A selection of important emission factors and efficiencies of power plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP) are illustrated in the pie chart "Emission factors for power plants"
The calculation of the emissions within the models are based on fuel properties, transfer coefficients and power plant thermodynamics representing the applied flue gas treatment technologies and standards (flue gas desulphurization, dust filter etc.). Combustion residues from solid fuels, such as gypsum, bottom ash or fly ash are assumed to be reused, e.g., in construction work. Waste treatment for these substances is therefore not considered. Radioactive emissions from ashes are not considered in the coal power plant model.
The fuel supply considers the whole supply chain of the fuel from exploration, production, processing and transport of the fuels to the power plants. The supply chain is modeled as national carrier consumption mixes (i.e., domestic production and imports) and considers national average fuel properties (e.g., elemental composition and energy content).
The electricity grid mix includes imported electricity from neighboring countries and regions, transmission / distribution losses and the own use of electricity by energy producers (own consumption of power plants, and "other" own consumption, e.g., due to pumped storage hydro power, etc.). The logic of modeling the electricity consumption mix is represented in the flow diagram "Modeling of Electricity Consumption Mixes".
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modeled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modeling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual fuel specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modeled according to the current electricity grid mix. Modeling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption, e.g., due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modeled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country- and region-specific fuel supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific fuel properties (e.g., element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the fuel supply chains are modeled according to the specific situation of each electricity-producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g., different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modeled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered fuels. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding fuel input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The fuels used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modeled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Fuels: The fuels are modeled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modeled with a parameterized, country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g., emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modeled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Supply of 1 kWh medium voltage (1kV - 60kV) electricity to final consumers.Energy_Electricity_Modelling_of_Electricity_Consumption_Mixes.jpgEnergy_Electricity_System_Boundaries.jpgEnergy_Electricity_map_FERC_subregions.jpgEnergy_Electricity_Mix_US_CAMX_2010.jpgEnergy_Electricity_Consumption_Mix_US_CAMX_2010.jpgEnergy_Electricity_Grid_Mix_EF_US_CAMX_2010.jpgLCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentAllocation - massFor the combined heat and power (CHP) production allocation by exergetic content is applied. Electricity and power plant by-products, i.e. gypsum, boiler ash and fly ash are allocated by market value due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by mass (refinery expenditures) and net calorific value (feedstocks, e.g.crude oil) is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL) production allocation by net calorific value is applied.All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Water Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Agriculture Model DocumentationGaBi Land Use Change Model DocumentationGaBi Energy Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Refinery Modelling PrinciplesCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95% of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98% of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgment).The coverage of the exploration and well installation data (crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids) are only 90% of mass and energy and 95% of the environmental relevance (according to expert judgment). End-of-Life of the PV-modules is not included in the LCA-model. Waste is entering the Waste-to-Energy product system without any environmental burden (burdens are allocated to the primary life cycle of the product in which the waste is generated, e.g. burdens of packing material becoming wastel are allocated to the product).The data sources for the complete product system are sufficiently consistent. The data for electricity production, emissions factors for carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane and nitrous oxide as well as power plants efficiencies are based on eGRID. The used database provides all information on a plant level. To obtain average production grid mixes, emission factors and efficiencies per region, eGRID provides the possibility to aggregate power plants and the related data per Power Control Area (PCA). Based on the development of the regions via FERC-714 (see general comment), all PCAs within one of the 22 regions and the related data of the power plants have been aggregated to the specific region. Based on the production mix, the imports from all neighboring regions and countries into a specific region as derived from FERC-714 have been included into the supply mix to obtain the consumption mix.
All other emissions of the power plants are based on literature data and / or calculated via fuel composition in combination with (literature-based) combustion models and are country-, technology- or fuel-specific.
Detailed power plant models are used, which combine measured with calculated emission values (e.g., heavy metals). The data on the fuel supply chain are based on statistics with country- or region-specific transport distances and fuel composition as well as on industry and literature data on the inventory of exploration, production and processing. Infrastructure data are from literature. Refinery data are also based on statistical data and measurements of major refineries as well as literature data.
For electricity from non-combustible, renewable energy sources like wind, hydro, solar (photovoltaic) and geothermal, specific LCA models are used. LCI modeling is fully consistent.NoneEnergy carrier specific power plants are modelled according to the national / regional firing and flue gas cleaning technology mix. Data measured at representative power plants and being published, have been used to represent the country / region mix of power plant technologies. Also for electricity from non-combustional renewable energy sources, like wind, hydro, solar (photovoltaic) and geothermal, specific LCA modells are developed and used.NoneK.Weissermel, H.- J. Arpe: Industrial organic chemistryCopper development association: Overview of Recycled CopperSmelter Tech: The Reverberatory Furnace Process for the production of a plasticized polyvinyl butyral for gluing a base onto a glazingLookChem: Manufacture of 1.12-Dodecanedioic AcidMethods of making cyclododecatriene andEPA - Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene, 1984Chlorpropanes, Chlorobutanes, and Chlorobutenes: Chapter in Ullmann's, 2011Chloroprene - Données technico-économiques sur les substances chimiques en France - 2006Renewables Information 2011eGrid2012 Version 1.0Electricity Information 2011Update of the Environmental Indicators and Energy Payback Time of CIS Modules in Europe, 2010Sustainability Evaluation of Solar Energy Systems: LCA Analysis (LCA of Thin Film Technologies)Life Cycle Inventories and Life Cycle Assessments of Photovoltaic Systems, 2011Environmental Life Cycle Inventory of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic System Production, 2006Update of environmental indicators and energy payback time of CdTe PV systems in Europe, 2011Energy payback, life cycle CO2 emissions of the BOS in optimized 3.5 MW PV installationMethodology Guidelines on Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Electricity, 2009Air pollutant emissions from stationary installations using bioenergy in the NLs BOLK Phase 22006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesAuswertung PV-LeistungAppendix H: Calorific Value, Price, and Emission Coefficients of Energy KindsAppendix 17 Thermal values and Emission factors energy.xls GWP conversion factors 2006Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation Version 2.3Emisiones atmosféricas de las centrales eléctricas en América del NorteEMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook - 2009EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2006Electric Power Industry 2009: Year in ReviewCompilation of Air Pollutant Emission FactorsClimate change - Immision InventoryBVT - Festlegung in ausgewählten industriellen Bereichen als Beitrag zur Erfüllung der Klimasch...Brennstoffe und Verbrennungsrechnung, 2. AuflageBrennstoffe und VerbrennungsrechnungGreenhouse Gas Emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2008GHG Inventories 2008 - Common Reporting Format (CRF)Full fuel cycle greenhouse gas emission analysis for proposed Kwinana CCGT power stationErmittlung und Evaluierung von Emissionsfaktoren für Feuerungsanlagen in DeutschlandErarbeitung der Grundlagen für das BVT - Merkblatt GroßfeuerungsanlagenEnvironmental Report 2008Energy Statistics Imports ElectricityEnergy Futures and Urban Air Pollution: Challenges for China and the United StatesEnergy Consumption, Energy Savings and Emission Analysis for Industrial MotorsEmissionsschätzungen für SO2, NO2, NMVOC und NH3 in Deutschland 2000-2020Emissionsfaktoren und KohlenstoffgehalteEvaluation Criteria Investment Proposals (translated from hellenic)Inventory of the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (1990 -2008)Integrated Report 2010Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) - Ref. Doc. on the BAT for Large Combustion PlantIntegrated Pollution Prevention and ControlInformative Inventory ReportNational Inventory Report 2010 for Greenhouse Gas EmissionsNational Inventory Report 2010National Inventory Report 2010Submission under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and under the Kyoto Protocol 2010Renewables 2010Power Hungry: Reinventing The U.S. Electric GridPower Connections: Canadian Electricity Trade and Foreign PolicyVerhaltenes Lächeln auf langen GesichternThe CEA Mercury programTelefonische Recherche - Preis KraftwerksnebenproduktePlant-by-Plant emissions of SO2, NOx and dust and energy input to large combustion plants covered...Statistical Yearbook (UCTE) 2008Annual Electric Balancing Authority Area and Planning Area Report (FERC-714)95.02008-2014NoneUse by low voltage electricity consumers without own electricity transformers (e.g., SME and private households), which use electricity directly from the grid. The data set can be used for all LCA/CF studies where low voltage electricity is needed. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs.All relevant flows quantifiedAcidification, accumulated exceedanceAnthropogenic Abiotic Depletion Potential (AADP), TU BerlinBlue water consumptionBlue water useCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)Ecotoxicity for aquatic fresh water, USEtox (recommended)EDIP 2003, Acidification potentialEDIP 2003, Aquatic eutrophicationEDIP 2003, Global warmingEDIP 2003, Photochemical ozone formation - impact on human health and materialsEDIP 2003, Photochemical ozone formation - impact on vegetationEDIP 2003, Stratospheric ozone depletionEDIP 2003, Terrestrial eutrophicationFreshwater eutrophication, EUTREND model, ReCiPeHuman toxicity cancer effects, USEtox (recommended)Human toxicity non-canc. effects, USEtox (recommended)I02+ v2.1 - Aquatic acidification - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Aquatic ecotoxicity - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Aquatic eutrophication - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Carcinogens - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Global warming 500yr - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Ionizing radiation - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Land occupation - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Mineral extraction - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Non-carcinogens - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Non-renewable energy - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Ozone layer depletion - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Photochemical oxidation - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Respiratory effects - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Terrestrial acidification/nutrification - MidpointI02+ v2.1 - Terrestrial ecotoxicity - MidpointIonising radiation, human health effect model, ReCiPeIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC global warming, excl biogenic carbonIPCC global warming, incl biogenic carbonMarine eutrophication, EUTREND model, ReCiPeOzone depletion, WMO model, ReCiPeParticulate matter/Respiratory inorganics, RiskPollPhotochemical ozone formation, LOTOS-EUROS model, ReCiPePrimary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (net cal. value)Primary energy from non renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from non renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (gross cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (net cal. value)ReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Endpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (E) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (H) - Water depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Agricultural land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ionising radiationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Marine eutrophicationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Natural land transformationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Ozone depletionReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Particulate matter formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical oxidant formationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial acidificationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Urban land occupationReCiPe 1.08 Midpoint (I) - Water depletionResource Depletion, fossil and mineral, reserve Based, CML2002Terrestrial eutrophication, accumulated exceedanceTotal freshwater consumption (including rainwater)Total freshwater consumption, including rainwater, Swiss EcoscarcityTotal freshwater useTRACI 2.1, AcidificationTRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended)TRACI 2.1, EutrophicationTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, LUC only, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate AirTRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion AirTRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuelsTRACI 2.1, Smog AirUBP 2013, Carcinogenic substances into airUBP 2013, Energy resourcesUBP 2013, Global warmingUBP 2013, Global warming, incl Land Use ChangeUBP 2013, Global warming, Land Use Change onlyUBP 2013, Heavy metals into airUBP 2013, Heavy metals into soilUBP 2013, Heavy metals into waterUBP 2013, Land useUBP 2013, Main air pollutantsUBP 2013, Mineral resourcesUBP 2013, Non radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Ozone layer depletionUBP 2013, Pesticides into soilUBP 2013, POP into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into airUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Water pollutantsUBP 2013, Water resourcesUSEtox, Ecotoxicity (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)USEtox, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)The LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.PE INTERNATIONALLBP-GaBiIBP-GaBiOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,8 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 1,9 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 1,8 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedPE INTERNATIONALThis background LCI data set can be used for any types of LCA studies.PE INTERNATIONAL2014-12-01T00:00:00+01:00ILCD format 1.1PE INTERNATIONALNo official approval by producer or operator2014-12-01T00:00:00+01:0009.00.000Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesPE INTERNATIONALtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of PE INTERNATIONAL AG. PE INTERNATIONAL AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.ElectricityOutput3.63.60.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation